This volume presents the results of archaeological investigations at the site of the former Kirkstall Forge in Leeds, UK. It provides a window into the evolution of iron- and steel-working and engineering in Leeds over a period of 400 years, as the site expanded from a water-powered iron forge to a major industrial works, manufacturing products that aided in the development and expansion of the textile, railway, coal and engineering industries in Leeds and further afield.

A ‘bloom-smithy’ was present on the site by the end of the 16th century, and in the 17th century the forge and a new slitting mill became part of the Spencer Syndicate’s extensive network of ironworking sites across Yorkshire. In 1779, the forge was taken over by the partnership of Beecroft and Butler, which ran the works for nearly 100 years. This partnership introduced iron puddling for the production of high quality wrought iron and a substantial engineering business was developed. The Forge finally closed in 2003 and the site was cleared of the majority of buildings in 2007.

The origin, growth and development of the works and business fortunes are charted through research, standing building recording and extensive archaeological excavations. This has revealed information on the development of puddling technologies, power sources and the changes in the engineering and axle production industries.