Intensive research in the archives of the university and the academy of sciences, especially in the collection of the former German University in Prague, has brought to light an abundance of new material, new insights and hitherto unforeseen connections. They show the beginnings of Egyptology in Bohemia resp. the Czech Republic in an altogether new light, as an Egyptology which had originally defined itself as Bohemian and only later constituted itself as a Czech one. The essays, collected and updated according to the most recent state of knowledge, for the first time in this volume, also represent an important contribution to the history of the Charles University in Prague.