Based on research in England, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, this is a detailed account and analysis of Rommel's attempt in July 1942 to break through to Cairo and Alexandria, and the 8th Army's successful defence and unsuccessful attempts to destroy the Panzerarmee. The author, a participant in the events described, supports the view of some historians that the Battle of Egypt, rather than the Battle of Alamein three months later, was the turning point of the war in North Africa. The battle is set against the background of the many nationalities involved, as well as the physical conditions on the battlefield and the urgency of the political context. Particular attention is given to the controversy of the armour's failure to support the infantry, and reasons for this are canvassed.